1. Butterfly Effect. The Butterfly effect, also known as sensitivity to initial conditions, proposes that a minute change of initial conditions can have an enormous impact on the outcome. Edward Lorenz defined it. The name comes from Lorenz's conjecture that a butterfly flapping its wings in Beijing could change the course of weather in North America.
2. Fractals. A fractal, in chaos theory, is a pattern that shows similar structure at different scales. This is so-called self similarity, where patterns seen at short distances look remarkably similar to patterns seen at large distance. Remarkably, this happens due to the infinite repetition of simple processes. Fractal patterns are widespread - rivers, clouds, and trees are all fractal in nature.
3. Feedback Loop. A feedback loop is when the reaction to a phenomenon further strengthens it, weakens it, or makes it more frequent. Feedback loops can be both positive and negative, and their behavior can be better understood with chaos theory.
